Sunday, May 31, 2015

Whatever you thought about South Africa, think again.

           Leaving Cape Town International Airport, all the infrastructure and highways felt very familiar except driving on the left side of the roads. Shortly after leaving the airport, right along the highway there were multiple informal settlements. I've spent time studying slums but seeing them in person truly brings to light the conditions the residents are living in every day. The slums were so dense and the structures felt so uneasy. If the ground shifted a centimeter, it looked as if everything would collapse. Getting a glimpse of them shook me to the core, I can't imagine how I will feel after walking through them.. One of the first things I spent time thinking about was the drastic inequality. When we drove closer to Claremont, where we are staying, the area and city life felt similar to the rough sides of San Antonio. The people, languages, and business names are different but urban Cape Town is a city center just like any other. Yet the slums and townships we drove past show a completely different side of Cape Town and South Africa.
           Also in the shuttle from the airport I quickly realized how prominent American music is here in South Africa. Before leaving I tried to listen to 'South African music' now I laugh at that attempt because American music is the mainstream here. So far I've heard Drake, Ludacris, Linkin Park, Fall Out Boy, Beyonce, A$AP Rocky, Pit Bull, Chris Brown, and more. In general, South African music is very similar to the American top 40, but most of the songs my classmates and I have heard is songs we were listening to ten years ago. I even heard “She Hates Me” by Puddle of Mudd, how is that for a throw back?
          I was shocked to see how nice and 'American' our hostel is. It is called 'Off the Wall Backpackers' and I feel incredibly spoiled to be staying in such a nice, accommodating space. I feel very fortunate – thank you Dr. Gilbert and Arelis! After settling into our space and starting to focus on the locals, I realized quickly how many different languages are spoken. Afrikaans is prominent but everyone also speaks English, yet South African English is different than American English. They way we say water is so weird to them – they drop the 'r' and pronounce the 'a' as more of an 'o' sound. 'Hows it' is how people ask one another how are you. 'Robots' are traffic intersections and the traffic lights. Trash is not used and they use the more British terms of 'rubbish' and 'dirt bin.' Mail is called 'post.' Soda is 'pop.' Fries are 'chips' and chips are 'crisps.' We've learned some Afrikaans terms like 'Danke' which means thank you (similar to German) and 'Lekka' which is similar to fine, fun, or cool from what I've understood. South Africans do not understand us well and it very obvious when we open our mouths that we are Americans. Actually we don't even have to talk to be recognized as Americans. The way we dress, carry ourselves, move through the space, and interact with others is just a huge flashing sign over our heads screaming American. There is a lot of attention on us wherever we go, and to me personally I find it quite uncomfortable but I know it will get better over time.
            So far in the areas I have visited I have seen very few Whites in Cape Town. Blacks, Whites, Asians, and Coloureds are the main demographic categories here in Cape Town. Before coming to South Africa I had a difficult time trying to understand what the Coloured population entailed. I could not imagine how they looked, what ethnicity they identified with, or their mixed roots. Within a few days I have a much better understanding. The Coloured demographic is like a whole new “type” of people. They aren't Black. They aren't White. They don't fit into any “box” that we, as Americans, already know. Coloureds represent the centuries of mixed cultures within South African history. From the Xhosas, Zulus, Africans, Dutch, British, Indians, Chinese, Malaysians, Europeans and more – these groups have been intermixing in South Africa for centuries. The result is the unique Coloured population, local to South Africa and reinforced by apartheid.
              Most of the locals I have met are not from South Africa. Many are from Zimbabwe to the north, different cities in South Africa, or other African nations. I went to a salon and paid to get my hair braided yesterday - mostly to get my bangs out of my face for the trip and also so I don't have to deal with my hair and the high levels of humidity (read: lazy). I started talking to the woman braiding my hair since it took awhile. Her name is Dada. She's from Burundi, in sub-Saharan Africa, and fled to South Africa five years ago to escape the violence. Her parents were killed in the violence. She came to South Africa with hope for a better life, but xenophobia has left her still fearing for her life. Dada's sister was shot the day before while she was driving because she is not from South Africa. Xenophobia in South Africa is a huge, terrible and embarrassing problem to many South Africans. People from other African nations are coming to South Africa for a variety of reasons. South Africa is a democracy. South Africa is safer than most African nations. South Africa is the strongest African economy. The University of Cape Town is the best university in Africa. South Africa has the best medical care within Africa (the first heart transplant ever was conducted successfully here in South Africa). There are lots of pulls, and endless pushes – like war, dangerous conditions or a lack of economic opportunity - from other African nations. So lots of perceived “outsiders” are here in South Africa. The context of xenophobia is rooted in the effects of apartheid. Apartheid ended in 1994 with the election of the African National Congress, led by President Nelson Mandela. Apartheid crippled the education system and economy, amongst many other institutions. South Africa started all over only twenty years ago with the repeal of all apartheid policies. One could compare present-day South Africa to America in 1885 – twenty years after the end of the Civil War, or America in the 1985 – twenty years after LBJ signed the Civil Rights Act of 1965. It takes a very long time for a country to recover from public policies at that degree. Today in America, 150 years after the end of slavery, our nation still struggles with race relations, and if you think otherwise, think again. Only twenty years out in South Africa, the adults at working age grew up during apartheid. Around 40% of South African are unemployed and the rates are even higher in the townships. A lack of jobs as well as uneducated and under-qualified workers creates this extremely high level of unemployment. So.... back to xenophobia... the “outsiders” are coming to South Africa and taking the jobs South Africans feel they deserve. While other Africans are more educated and more qualified (having not gone under apartheid), South Africans fought for those jobs when protesting the apartheid government, and they feel entitled to them and every other right. Therefore, outsiders are taking not only their jobs, but their women, their land, even their air. So in response, South Africans are killing them. It is a tragedy and a disgrace to many South Africans. During apartheid, South Africans found refuge in neighboring African nations. The situation has reversed, and instead South Africans are killing those from the countries that once were their savior.
             I asked Dada while she braided my hair, “Do you feel safe?” She replied quietly, “No.” I asked, “Where could you go?” Desperate for a safe place for not only herself and her husband, but to raise her son, Dieu Merci ('thank you God' – in French) she responded “I don't know.” Hearing her lack of hope and the heartbreak and desperation in her voice, also broke my heart. It was probably one of the saddest statements I have ever heard. I can't put it into words.
             I am here in South Africa to study, to learn, to open my mind, to learn about another country and to learn about myself. I am so very fortunate to be here through the University of Texas. My road has not been easy. If you know me personally you know what it has taken for me to get here. You know what it took for me to be able to attend UT and to be able to afford UT, semester after semester. I am one of the oldest undergraduates in my program here in Cape Town. I am proud of that. It means I overcame obstacles and I succeeded. I never planned on studying abroad. My first year of college I ruled it out, knowing I could never afford it. I decided to apply to study abroad at the last minute because I knew I would regret it if I didn't. I applied with the “I'll figure out how I'm going to afford this later” mindset. I was shocked to be accepted into the Community and Social Development program offered by UT's School of Social Work in Cape Town, South Africa. I was even further shocked when I received the Gilman International Scholarship a few weeks ago.... Getting here has been such a roller coaster and I have felt so incredibly blessed and fortunate throughout this process.
              Being here (...for only four days so far) and talking to locals has rocked my world. I felt fortunate and privileged to start with, but after hearing the few stories I have heard so far and hearing their voices shake as they tell me of their struggles, I realize my struggles mean nothing in comparison. Endless thanks to my parents, my family, my teachers, my professors, my friends, my colleagues, and my co-workers. I also want to thank the men and women who have served in the U.S. Military – for their sacrifices have secured the privileged lives we are able to live as Americans. I have always had a roof over my head, food to eat, and clean water to drink. I have never feared for my life, the lives of my family members, or the lives of my friends. I am fortunate enough to have a job, and at that, a job that pays me a fair wage. If I were to call the cops, they would show up and help me. I had the privilege of being able to do what I love as a dancer for fifteen years of my life. Not only did I graduate high school, but I have the opportunity to go to college. I live in America. I am safe. I have freedoms and I have opportunities. If you get anything from this, I ask that you think twice. Don't take anything for granted because we could all have it so much worse.. First world problems are first world problems. Any locals here can't even fathom the worries and complaints we have back home. Start challenging your perspectives. Take the time to try to understand someone different than you. Just say hi, smile, ask someone where they are from. Everyone has something to offer that could help you grow as a person. You don't have to go abroad to get this experience. There are people who differ from you in your lives every day. The opportunity is there. In every situation there is something to be thankful for. Thanks for reading.
KL

Monday, April 20, 2015

Week 11: Mzansi Restaurant - Social Media Marketing

Social Media Marketing for Restaurants: 21 Tips

          Our group talked about expanding Mzansi restaurant's social media platform and utilizing different apps for raising awareness of the restaurant and marketing. I found this link that explains how a restaurant can utilize Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The article also shows different restaurants' profiles and this makes it simple to apply these tips to another restaurant. While I'm not technologically involved to this degree, social media is a use it or lose it tool for businesses and those who don't utilize social media get left behind as the markets continue to change and technology advances.
          This article provides many useful tips on how a restaurant can create a presence on these different apps to expand their business. The article emphasizes how food can easily be marketed through visuals. The cover image of a business's Facebook page is huge space for free advertising and different uploaded photos of food dishes can provide a visual menu for potential customers. She mentions how the location can be tagged when posting and these "geotags" can allows businesses to show ads to Facebookers in the areas surrounding the restaurant. Videos are also easily shared on Facebook and I thought this would be great for Mzansi because of the entertainment aspect at their restaurant and the videos they already have on their website.
           Since food is so visual, Instagram is basically tailored for restaurants. Through photos of the different food items, Mzansi's band, or pictures of the owners or employees, Mzansi could tell their story. Using a geographic specific hashtag like #Capetown, #Langa, #HarlemStreet, Mzansi could be found by people in the area looking for food. People can also stay in contact with the restaurant and comment about their experiences or how much they loved a dish, which only further promotes the restaurant. The article also mentions Twitter, while I'm not very familiar with the Twitter world, it is helpful for businesses and also in creating a following. Tweets can be planned and posted right before lunch or dinner, or before a big event in the area. Twitter is also useful for offering group deals or promotions or coupons, which is another great way to bring in new guests.


Thursday, April 16, 2015

Week 10: Service Learning - Partnering with Mzansi Restaurant

         Last week my colleagues and I chose which service learning project we wanted to work on out of the choices Dr. Gilbert has organized in Cape Town. I chose the Mzansi Restaurant project, because I have been working in restaurants since I was sixteen and have a thorough understanding of the restaurant business. I found a variety of sources specifically about Mzansi because I wanted to improve my understanding of the restaurant itself. I found a youtube video where the co-owner Ace Siyaka is interviewed. He provides a lot of useful information about Mzansi's history, his family, the restaurant's band, and ways they are already marketing the restaurant. I also found a virtual tour of the restaurant. This website gives a 360 degree view of the restaurant, it could be outdated or different now, but instead of us imagining what this restaurant looks like for the next six weeks, we can see direct images. In the youtube video, Ace gives the website for Mzansi, so I also checked out their website. On the home page is a video that gives an idea of the experience customers get at Mzansi and shows how involved the owners are in their restaurant. On the gallery page of their website, there is another video (the video in the center) that expands further on the experience they offer at Mzansi restaurant.

            The Mzansi resturant is in the Langa township and is very close to the Cape Town airport. They tend to market to tourists rather than locals and can accommodate very large parties. I did see that they only take guests by reservations and don't prefer walk-in customers. I'm curious to see if allowing walk-ins, and possibly catering to locals from Langa, would expand their business. Overall, the owners seem very involved in their restaurant's success, which is really refreshing because in most of the restaurants I have worked at here in Texas the owners are barely around. The owners and the experience they provide appears to be very genuine and I am so excited we have this opportunity to partner with them.

Like Mzansi Restaurant on Facebook!


Interview with Mzansi's co-owner Ace:
https://YouTube/watch?v=Wn6t6YwcGxM

Mzansi Restaurant's Website:
http://www.mzansi45.co.za/index.html

Virtual tour of Mzansi Restaurant:
http://www.virtualsouthafrica.travel/capetown/tours/mzansi/index.htm

Thursday, April 9, 2015

Blog 9: The Official Top 10 Resources for Understanding the South African Context

Last week I posted my personal top 10 list. After all my colleagues and myself contributed our ideas for the top 10 list, our teacher's assistant (TA) complied the official list based on how frequently each source was mentioned. Some of these links I included in my personal list, but most of them are new sources. Here is the official list!

1) Power and Privilege Definitions This document is an amazing source that clearly defines terms from privilege and gender to institutional power and agents or targets of oppression. These objective definitions provide a strong background for understanding injustices throughout history.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amsa.org%2FAMSA%2FLibraries%2FCommittee_Docs%2FPower_Privilege_Definitions.sflb.ashx&ei=Gs34VK_WK5L4yQTElIDgDg&usg=AFQjCNF0hKvK_MzO4IebtQwaX3Oe6f1Yzw&sig2=ppEWSi2IGwDBhP-CrmIScw

2) Apartheid Timeline PBS provides a chronological graphic of significant historical events and apartheid legislation in South Africa. I found this link helpful because it shows both sides of the movement by dividing the timeline between events that strengthened or weakened apartheid.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/endgame/timeline.html#

3) Not White Enough, Not Black Enough This article gives a Coloured South African's point of view. It explains what Coloured means, the complexity of race in South Africa, and the racial hierarchy created by apartheid that is still present today. The author focuses on the victims of apartheid and how different racial groups are not receiving equal treatment or access to opportunities. While South African Blacks are supported by new economic policies, Coloureds are not receiving the same opportunities.
http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/15/in-south-africa-after-apartheid-colored-community-is-the-big-loser/?_r=1

4) South Africa Progressive on LGBT Rights but Gays Still Battle for Social Reform This link gives the reader an understanding of the LGBT community in South Africa. Although South Africa was one of the first countries to pass anti-discrimination legislation on the basis of sexual orientation, the nation lacks a progressive attitude toward LGBT rights. Most LGBT individuals in South Africa are not free to be themselves and experience a variety of hate crimes, including corrective rape. The LGBT community desires proper legislation against hate crimes, education on LGBT issues, and a more open mind from their fellow citizens.
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/south-africa-progressive-lgbt-rights-gays-still-battle-social-reform-1471213

5) Cape Town: Gangs, Race and Poverty 20 years after Apartheid
This 45-minute video provides incredible testimonies of those living in Cape Town's informal settlements, as well as the police and community activists involved in these slums. This is my favorite resource because it ditches the romanticized ideas of South Africa and the Cape and instead covers the real life dangers, challenges, experiences, and daily life conditions of those uprooted because of apartheid. The video focuses on how Coloureds' and Blacks' communities have changed and how they are coping and what they are doing to change things.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoMl_G6rL9k

6) Realizing Women's Rights in South Africa: Dr. Tunney explains the four main factors that keep South African women marginalized. These factors are "the unwillingness of men to adapt to changing gender roles, the perceived incompatibility between cultural preservation and human rights, poor urban planning coupled with the economic vulnerability of women, and the police and courts’ inadequate implementation of legislation." This article provided fantastic insight into the problems women, and specifically black women, face in reaching equality post-apartheid.
http://www.fletcherforum.org/2013/06/10/tunney/

7) Here's how South African students talk about race and gender This article gives the reader different perspectives about how South Africans, at our age, view current race and gender relations in South Africa. What I learned most from this article was how much race and gender are both emphasized in South Africa. Obviously race is in the microscope only twenty years out of apartheid, but the idea of women, colored or not, also being considered a marginalized group in South Africa adds another layer of complexity to the reality of South Africa.
http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-16/heres-how-south-african-students-talk-about-race-and-gender

8) ‘Winnie’ fails to capture the essence of Mrs. Mandela Here the other side of Winnie Mandela, the wife of Nelson Mandela, is explained. In both "Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom" and "Winnie" Winnie is given a shallow, militarized role. I enjoyed this article because it offers biographical information about Winnie Mandela, while also accurately capturing the complexity of her role in the anti-apartheid movement.
http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/09/05/winnie-mandela/2711759/

9) Bucket list to visiting South Africa Larry Olmsted praises South Africa as a top travel destination and outlines the "can't miss" sights within the country. These experiences include a safari, Cape Town, Table Mountain, Cape Peninsula (penguins!), and the Cape of Good Hope - located at "the end of the Earth." He mentions South Africa's wine country... which I can't deny that I'm interested in seeing. He provides a lengthy list of outdoor activities, wildlife (Great White Sharks!), and apartheid related museums. I feel really lucky and excited, knowing that I will be in Cape Town in a few weeks! (Thankful!)
http://www.forbes.com/sites/larryolmsted/2013/03/18/ultimate-bucket-list-trip-south-africa/

10) Culture in South Africa This Wikipedia article outlines the culture in South Africa and provides clarity to many things that I have not been able to grasp. Diversity is the reoccurring theme I have noticed so far in studying South Africa. There is so much going on! The diversity of people, languages, ancestries, lifestyles, and cultures has all turned into a melting pot in my mind. Therefore, this Wikipedia entry clearly outlines South African arts, music, sports, education, gender roles, and the LGBT community. On top of all the academic sources, this article pieces everything together for me.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_South_Africa

Wednesday, April 1, 2015

Week 8: Top 10 Resources for Understanding the South African Context


The following is a list of different articles, videos and graphics I have compiled from my study abroad colleagues.This consolidated list dives into the history, current situation and different perspectives within South Africa.


1) Rachel Maddow talks about the history of apartheid in South Africa  In this youtube video Rachel Maddow outlines the history of apartheid. She explains the passbook system, the Sharpeville massacre, the militarization of the African National Congress (ANC), and Nelson Mandela's role in the movement and his election to presidency.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqCKIUogn6E&feature=youtu.be

2) Factbox: South Africa since apartheid  
This link compares facts about the housing, water, wealth, race, and unemployment in South Africa. The data shows the effects of apartheid and the changes South Africa has experienced under the last 18 years of ANC governance.
http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-06-24/news/sns-rt-us-safrica-anc-factbre85n067-20120624_1_blacks-south-africans-african-national-congress


3) South Africa's Ticking Time Bomb This article highlights the pressing threats to South Africa's future. The nation's high rates of inequality, poverty, unemployment, and political frustration reveal the long-term effects of apartheid and the remaining economic, social, and political issues to be resolved.
http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2014/07/02/south-africas-major-problems-youth-unemployment-and-economic-inequality

4) Apartheid Timeline PBS provides a chronological graphic of significant historical events and apartheid legislation in South Africa. I found this link helpful because it 
shows both sides of the movement by dividing the timeline between events that strengthened or weakened apartheid.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/endgame/timeline.html#


5) Power and Privilege Definitions This document is an amazing source that clearly defines terms from privilege and gender to institutional power and agents or targets of oppression. These objective definitions provide a strong background for understanding injustices throughout history.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amsa.org%2FAMSA%2FLibraries%2FCommittee_Docs%2FPower_Privilege_Definitions.sflb.ashx&ei=Gs34VK_WK5L4yQTElIDgDg&usg=AFQjCNF0hKvK_MzO4IebtQwaX3Oe6f1Yzw&sig2=ppEWSi2IGwDBhP-CrmIScw

6) Why is Crime and Violence so high in South Africa?  This link details the magnitude of violence in South Africa and how it affects different social groups. The information it provides as to why laws are not respected and the persistence of crime was particularly useful in understanding the struggles of South Africa.
http://www.news24.com/Columnists/GuestColumn/Why-is-crime-and-violence-so-high-in-South-Africa-20140918


7) Realizing Women's Human Rights in South Africa Dr. Tunney explains the four main factors that keep South African women marginalized. These factors are "the unwillingness of men to adapt to changing gender roles, the perceived incompatibility between cultural preservation and human rights, poor urban planning coupled with the economic vulnerability of women, and the police and courts’ inadequate implementation of legislation." This article provided fantastic insight into the problems women, and specifically black women, face in reaching equality post-apartheid. 
http://www.fletcherforum.org/2013/06/10/tunney/

8) The Backlash Against African Women  In relation to the link above this, this article shows the violence and repercussions African women experience along the road to empowerment. As women progress politically and through education, the conservative backlash and terrible assaults attempt to keep these women inferior and powerless.
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/opinion/sunday/the-backlash-against-african-women.html?_r=0

9) Say it Loud, I'm Coloured and I'm Proud I have been struggling to understand what Coloured means in South Africa and this article provided information that helped me understand what Coloured is and Coloureds' general perspective in the nation and place in the apartheid movement.
http://www.theroot.com/articles/world/2013/10/south_africas_coloreds_identify_most_with_blacks_in_the_us.html

10) US Anti-Apartheid Movement Helped Bring Change to South Africa I included this video in my top 10 because it shows the role global public opinion and international relations played in bringing about the end of apartheid. It gives a historical link between the United States and South Africa and the power of Americans' solidarity versus apartheid.
http://www.voanews.com/content/us-anti-apartheid-movement-helps-bring-change-to-south-africa/1900704.html

Wednesday, March 25, 2015

Week 5


            While I have not been to South Africa yet, I do feel like I have an understanding of the context around race and the anti-apartheid movement because of what I have learned about America's journey to equality. After watching Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom and Selma, it is interesting to notice the similarities between the two. Both movements were rooted in different historical contexts, occurred on different continents and came into action in different time periods. So I find it very interesting and somewhat amazing, that despite these differences in the two movements, they are still very similar to one another.
             Both movements were lead about amazing, incredibly inspiring men - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela. I believe their leadership and perseverance are key to the strength of both of the movements - in America and South Africa. Both leaders were jailed, along with colleagues multiple times, as a frequent response to their actions. MLK and Mandela both took on a high degree of responsibility and risked their families' safety and their own safety for their movements. Both Dr. King's and Mandela's home were continually assaulted or invaded. Dr. King's home was a frequent location for backlash, whether bricks were crashing in through windows or worse. Mandela even went in hiding for a portion of time to escape the threats of backlash or being arrested, while Winnie Mandela was continually disturbed, arrested, or invaded on by the government.
             Both the Civil Rights movement and the Anti-Apartheid movement utilized informal meetings to inform and organize one another. These meetings occurred in their own (non-white) spaces to assure their safety and effectiveness. The two movements were also composed of a variety of different groups, they shared the same large goal, but had different ideas about how to reach their main goal of equality. Students were involved in organizing protests within both movements, especially the sit-ins and the Soweto uprising. Both movements experienced large scale arrests in response to their protests, and unfortunately violent backlash was a common response to the actions within the movements. For example, in Soweto, Johannesburg in 1976 in response to the introduction of Afrikaans into the education system, protests were organized. Chaos broke out, and dogs were released onto protestors as well as open fire by the police. Over a thousand people were wounded and an estimated 176 people died on that day. This level of violence occurred on a somewhat smaller scale in Selma, Alabama. Shown in Selma, the march reached a bridge where they encountered a line of officers who proceeded to attack the protestors. Images spread through the media from both of these protests and played a very important role in increasing and changing public opinion in favor of the movements.
            In response to the violence both of the movements experienced to their non-violent protests, facts started occurring in both movements. Winnie Mandela and Malcolm X are two figures that advocated for violence as a form of self-defense, in response to the backlash their movements received. Although all involved in both movements were working towards the same ultimate goal, different groups thought a certain way would be a better approach than the others.
           Both films were captivating and the injustices shown made my insides twist into knots. The degree of disrespect one person can hold for another human is something I will never understand. The leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela, as well as their commanding presences will never cease to inspire me.

Tuesday, March 10, 2015

Week 7




       This week I read three different articles that were posted by my fellow Cape Town study abroad peers. I read "The Backlash Against African Women" that Joanna shared, "Here's how South Africans students talk about race and gender," suggested by Maria, and a youtube video titled "South Africa's Post Apartheid Generation," recommended by Connie. "The Backlash Against African Women" posted in the New York Times was an interesting, yet disheartening article. This articles speaks of the threat of assault non-traditional African women face on the streets. It claims that women's education programs in the 1980's are evident in the changing gender roles of Africans. African women are rising as leaders and African men don't know how to handle it. They have responded to the rise of women's power with public strippings, verbal abuse, and political attempts to keep African women in the shadows. Public strippings are "a cultural war against women's advancements in traditionally conservative but rapidly urbanizing societies." Backlash the women's uprising includes "decency bills", bullying and verbal abuse of successful women, and a bill that would have made women in rural areas subject to the chief's rule. This article compares political representation of women in America, South Africa, and Rwanda. American women represent 20% of Congress, South African women represent 40% of the National Assembly, and 64% of Rwanda's Parliament are women. I found it very interesting that Rwanda is the "only country in the world where women outnumber men in the legislature." While the successes of other women, and especially the successes of African women, are a very positive note, the challenges and backlash from society and men is rather disturbing to me. Where women in America are frequently catcalled, women in Africa who are dressed in non-traditional dress are stripped and mortified in public. <http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/opinion/sunday/the-backlash-against-african-women.html?_r=1&module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=Opinion&action=keypress&region=FixedLeft&pgtype=article>
        "Here's How South African Students Talk about Race and Gender" was a good read because it gave me perspectives about how South Africans at my age view current race and gender relations in South Africa. What I learned most from this article was how much race and gender are both emphasized in South Africa. Obviously race is in the microscope only twenty years out of apartheid, but the idea of women, colored or not, also being considered a marginalized group in South Africa is wild. After reading this I feel like, South Africa is almost too focused on putting everyone in "boxes" and each different "box" a South African is classified as, ties to a different form of discrimination. "South Africa is a very partriarchal setting.We usually talk about white privilege and then we find that black women are at the bottom that whole hierarchy. We find black men being oppressed by white men and at the same time they come home and oppress their black wives."
<http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-16/heres-how-south-african-students-talk-about-race-and-gender>
        In "South Africa's Post Apartheid Generation" I learned that Nelson Mandela's party, the ANC, has been in power since Mandela's election and although the party is not most popular today, no other party has been able to politically challenge them. Not with my surprise, I also learned that the past history of Apartheid is held with just as much importance to the generation our age, as well as their parents who were directly involved in the transition. Overall I am really impressed by the "Post Apartheid Generation's" optimism and determination towards success, despite all the misfortunes they have grown up through. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elrWczhTZBk>